diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 1dd4c24..2b1dd2f 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -2607,6 +2607,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "spl-token",
  "static_assertions",
  "thiserror",
+ "utils",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -2624,6 +2625,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "spl-associated-token-account",
  "spl-token",
  "tokio",
+ "utils",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -5722,6 +5724,14 @@ version = "0.7.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "09cc8ee72d2a9becf2f2febe0205bbed8fc6615b7cb429ad062dc7b7ddd036a9"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "utils"
+version = "2.0.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytemuck",
+ "solana-program",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "valuable"
 version = "0.1.0"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 2b46f9e..2e1a7ce 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [workspace]
 resolver = "2"
-members = ["core/*"]
+members = ["core/*", "utils"]
 
 [workspace.package]
 version = "2.0.0"
@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@ readme = "./README.md"
 keywords = ["solana", "crypto", "mining"]
 
 [workspace.dependencies]
+bytemuck = "1.14.3"
 drillx = { git = "https://github.com/regolith-labs/drillx", branch = "master", features = ["solana"] }
 mpl-token-metadata = "4.1.2"
 solana-program = "1.18"
 spl-token = { version = "^4", features = ["no-entrypoint"] }
 spl-associated-token-account = { version = "^2.2", features = [ "no-entrypoint" ] } 
+utils = { path = "utils" }
diff --git a/core/api/Cargo.toml b/core/api/Cargo.toml
index 9477a8c..e8b69b1 100644
--- a/core/api/Cargo.toml
+++ b/core/api/Cargo.toml
@@ -22,4 +22,5 @@ solana-program.workspace = true
 spl-token.workspace = true
 spl-associated-token-account.workspace = true
 static_assertions = "1.1.0"
-thiserror = "1.0.57"
\ No newline at end of file
+thiserror = "1.0.57"
+utils.workspace = true
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/api/src/event.rs b/core/api/src/event.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..675e9e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/core/api/src/event.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
+
+use crate::utils::impl_to_bytes;
+
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Pod, Zeroable)]
+pub struct MineEvent {
+    pub difficulty: u64,
+    pub reward: u64,
+    pub timing: i64,
+}
+
+impl_to_bytes!(MineEvent);
diff --git a/core/api/src/instruction.rs b/core/api/src/instruction.rs
index f87371f..5d00d43 100644
--- a/core/api/src/instruction.rs
+++ b/core/api/src/instruction.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,10 @@ use solana_program::{
     system_program, sysvar,
 };
 
-use crate::{consts::*, impl_instruction_from_bytes, impl_to_bytes};
+use crate::{
+    consts::*,
+    utils::{impl_instruction_from_bytes, impl_to_bytes},
+};
 
 #[repr(u8)]
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, ShankInstruction, TryFromPrimitive)]
diff --git a/core/api/src/lib.rs b/core/api/src/lib.rs
index 85782b2..409cafb 100644
--- a/core/api/src/lib.rs
+++ b/core/api/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 pub mod consts;
 pub mod error;
+pub mod event;
 pub mod instruction;
 pub mod state;
-pub mod utils;
+
+pub(crate) use utils;
 
 use solana_program::declare_id;
 
diff --git a/core/api/src/state/bus.rs b/core/api/src/state/bus.rs
index 7275119..2eaa557 100644
--- a/core/api/src/state/bus.rs
+++ b/core/api/src/state/bus.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
 use shank::ShankAccount;
 
-use crate::{
-    impl_account_from_bytes, impl_to_bytes,
-    utils::{AccountDiscriminator, Discriminator},
-};
+use crate::utils::{impl_account_from_bytes, impl_to_bytes, Discriminator};
+
+use super::AccountDiscriminator;
 
 /// Bus accounts are responsible for distributing mining rewards.
 /// There are 8 busses total to minimize write-lock contention and allow for parallel mine operations.
@@ -23,8 +22,8 @@ pub struct Bus {
 }
 
 impl Discriminator for Bus {
-    fn discriminator() -> AccountDiscriminator {
-        AccountDiscriminator::Bus
+    fn discriminator() -> u8 {
+        AccountDiscriminator::Bus.into()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/core/api/src/state/config.rs b/core/api/src/state/config.rs
index 2c8214f..d08e00d 100644
--- a/core/api/src/state/config.rs
+++ b/core/api/src/state/config.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@ use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
 use shank::ShankAccount;
 use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;
 
-use crate::{
-    impl_account_from_bytes, impl_to_bytes,
-    utils::{AccountDiscriminator, Discriminator},
-};
+use crate::utils::{impl_account_from_bytes, impl_to_bytes, Discriminator};
+
+use super::AccountDiscriminator;
 
 /// Config is a singleton account which manages admin configurable variables.
 #[repr(C)]
@@ -28,8 +27,8 @@ pub struct Config {
 }
 
 impl Discriminator for Config {
-    fn discriminator() -> AccountDiscriminator {
-        AccountDiscriminator::Config
+    fn discriminator() -> u8 {
+        AccountDiscriminator::Config.into()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/core/api/src/state/mod.rs b/core/api/src/state/mod.rs
index 7a3b009..e228cac 100644
--- a/core/api/src/state/mod.rs
+++ b/core/api/src/state/mod.rs
@@ -7,3 +7,14 @@ pub use bus::*;
 pub use config::*;
 pub use proof::*;
 pub use treasury::*;
+
+use num_enum::{IntoPrimitive, TryFromPrimitive};
+
+#[repr(u8)]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, IntoPrimitive, TryFromPrimitive)]
+pub enum AccountDiscriminator {
+    Bus = 100,
+    Config = 101,
+    Proof = 102,
+    Treasury = 103,
+}
diff --git a/core/api/src/state/proof.rs b/core/api/src/state/proof.rs
index 1d1aa76..83e9dd5 100644
--- a/core/api/src/state/proof.rs
+++ b/core/api/src/state/proof.rs
@@ -2,10 +2,9 @@ use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
 use shank::ShankAccount;
 use solana_program::pubkey::Pubkey;
 
-use crate::{
-    impl_account_from_bytes, impl_to_bytes,
-    utils::{AccountDiscriminator, Discriminator},
-};
+use crate::utils::{impl_account_from_bytes, impl_to_bytes, Discriminator};
+
+use super::AccountDiscriminator;
 
 /// Proof accounts track a miner's current hash, claimable rewards, and lifetime stats.
 /// Every miner is allowed one proof account which is required by the program to mine or claim rewards.
@@ -41,8 +40,8 @@ pub struct Proof {
 }
 
 impl Discriminator for Proof {
-    fn discriminator() -> AccountDiscriminator {
-        AccountDiscriminator::Proof
+    fn discriminator() -> u8 {
+        AccountDiscriminator::Proof.into()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/core/api/src/state/treasury.rs b/core/api/src/state/treasury.rs
index e699ae2..5b78b6c 100644
--- a/core/api/src/state/treasury.rs
+++ b/core/api/src/state/treasury.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,9 @@
 use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
 use shank::ShankAccount;
 
-use crate::{
-    impl_account_from_bytes, impl_to_bytes,
-    utils::{AccountDiscriminator, Discriminator},
-};
+use crate::utils::{impl_account_from_bytes, impl_to_bytes, Discriminator};
+
+use super::AccountDiscriminator;
 
 /// Treasury is a singleton account which manages all program wide variables.
 /// It is the mint authority for the Ore token and also the authority of the program-owned token account.
@@ -13,8 +12,8 @@ use crate::{
 pub struct Treasury {}
 
 impl Discriminator for Treasury {
-    fn discriminator() -> AccountDiscriminator {
-        AccountDiscriminator::Treasury
+    fn discriminator() -> u8 {
+        AccountDiscriminator::Treasury.into()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/core/program/Cargo.toml b/core/program/Cargo.toml
index 3ea6d1c..cb97a8e 100644
--- a/core/program/Cargo.toml
+++ b/core/program/Cargo.toml
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ ore-api = { path = "../api" }
 solana-program.workspace = true
 spl-token.workspace = true
 spl-associated-token-account.workspace = true
+utils.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 bs64 = "0.1.2"
diff --git a/core/program/src/lib.rs b/core/program/src/lib.rs
index 2fcd002..010e69c 100644
--- a/core/program/src/lib.rs
+++ b/core/program/src/lib.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ use solana_program::{
     pubkey::Pubkey,
 };
 
+pub(crate) use utils;
+
 #[cfg(not(feature = "no-entrypoint"))]
 solana_program::entrypoint!(process_instruction);
 
diff --git a/core/program/src/loaders.rs b/core/program/src/loaders.rs
index 61cc800..1daaa96 100644
--- a/core/program/src/loaders.rs
+++ b/core/program/src/loaders.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use ore_api::{
     consts::*,
     state::{Bus, Config, Proof, Treasury},
-    utils::{AccountDeserialize, Discriminator},
 };
 use solana_program::{
     account_info::AccountInfo, program_error::ProgramError, program_pack::Pack, pubkey::Pubkey,
@@ -9,6 +8,8 @@ use solana_program::{
 };
 use spl_token::state::Mint;
 
+use crate::utils::{AccountDeserialize, Discriminator};
+
 /// Errors if:
 /// - Account is not a signer.
 pub fn load_signer<'a, 'info>(info: &'a AccountInfo<'info>) -> Result<(), ProgramError> {
diff --git a/core/program/src/processor/claim.rs b/core/program/src/processor/claim.rs
index 7a688d2..554f824 100644
--- a/core/program/src/processor/claim.rs
+++ b/core/program/src/processor/claim.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
-use ore_api::{
-    consts::*, error::OreError, instruction::ClaimArgs, state::Proof, utils::AccountDeserialize,
-};
+use ore_api::{consts::*, error::OreError, instruction::ClaimArgs, state::Proof};
 use solana_program::{
     account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint::ProgramResult, program_error::ProgramError,
     pubkey::Pubkey,
 };
 
-use crate::loaders::*;
+use crate::{loaders::*, utils::AccountDeserialize};
 
 /// Claim distributes Ore from the treasury to a miner. Its responsibilies include:
 /// 1. Decrement the miner's claimable balance.
diff --git a/core/program/src/processor/close.rs b/core/program/src/processor/close.rs
index 4f6d0f6..107f1c0 100644
--- a/core/program/src/processor/close.rs
+++ b/core/program/src/processor/close.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-use ore_api::{state::Proof, utils::AccountDeserialize};
+use ore_api::state::Proof;
 use solana_program::{
     account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint::ProgramResult, program_error::ProgramError,
     pubkey::Pubkey, system_program,
 };
 
-use crate::loaders::*;
+use crate::{loaders::*, utils::AccountDeserialize};
 
 /// Close closes a proof account and returns the rent to the owner. Its responsibilities include:
 /// 1. Realloc proof account size to 0.
diff --git a/core/program/src/processor/crown.rs b/core/program/src/processor/crown.rs
index 9a2975d..aeb1827 100644
--- a/core/program/src/processor/crown.rs
+++ b/core/program/src/processor/crown.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
-use ore_api::{
-    state::{Config, Proof},
-    utils::AccountDeserialize,
-};
+use ore_api::state::{Config, Proof};
 use solana_program::{
     account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint::ProgramResult, program_error::ProgramError,
     pubkey::Pubkey,
 };
 
-use crate::loaders::*;
+use crate::{loaders::*, utils::AccountDeserialize};
 
 /// Crown flags an account as the top staker if their balance is greater than the last known top staker.
 pub fn process_crown<'a, 'info>(
diff --git a/core/program/src/processor/initialize.rs b/core/program/src/processor/initialize.rs
index d01110e..d4200f9 100644
--- a/core/program/src/processor/initialize.rs
+++ b/core/program/src/processor/initialize.rs
@@ -4,9 +4,6 @@ use ore_api::{
     consts::*,
     instruction::*,
     state::{Bus, Config, Treasury},
-    utils::create_pda,
-    utils::AccountDeserialize,
-    utils::Discriminator,
 };
 use solana_program::{
     account_info::AccountInfo,
@@ -18,7 +15,10 @@ use solana_program::{
 };
 use spl_token::state::Mint;
 
-use crate::loaders::*;
+use crate::{
+    loaders::*,
+    utils::{create_pda, AccountDeserialize, Discriminator},
+};
 
 /// Initialize sets up the Ore program. Its responsibilities include:
 /// 1. Initialize the 8 bus accounts.
diff --git a/core/program/src/processor/mine.rs b/core/program/src/processor/mine.rs
index 20c0778..d362ed0 100644
--- a/core/program/src/processor/mine.rs
+++ b/core/program/src/processor/mine.rs
@@ -4,9 +4,9 @@ use drillx::Solution;
 use ore_api::{
     consts::*,
     error::OreError,
+    event::MineEvent,
     instruction::{MineArgs, OreInstruction},
     state::{Bus, Config, Proof},
-    utils::{AccountDeserialize, MineEvent},
 };
 use solana_program::program::set_return_data;
 #[allow(deprecated)]
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use solana_program::{
     sysvar::{self, instructions::load_current_index, Sysvar},
 };
 
-use crate::loaders::*;
+use crate::{loaders::*, utils::AccountDeserialize};
 
 /// Mine is the primary workhorse instruction of the Ore program. Its responsibilities include:
 /// 1. Calculate the hash from the provided nonce.
diff --git a/core/program/src/processor/open.rs b/core/program/src/processor/open.rs
index 782ceab..66e603a 100644
--- a/core/program/src/processor/open.rs
+++ b/core/program/src/processor/open.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 use std::mem::size_of;
 
-use ore_api::{
-    consts::*,
-    instruction::OpenArgs,
-    state::Proof,
-    utils::{create_pda, AccountDeserialize, Discriminator},
-};
+use ore_api::{consts::*, instruction::OpenArgs, state::Proof};
 use solana_program::{
     account_info::AccountInfo,
     blake3::hashv,
@@ -18,7 +13,10 @@ use solana_program::{
     sysvar::{self, Sysvar},
 };
 
-use crate::loaders::*;
+use crate::{
+    loaders::*,
+    utils::{create_pda, AccountDeserialize, Discriminator},
+};
 
 /// Register generates a new hash chain for a prospective miner. Its responsibilities include:
 /// 1. Initialize a new proof account.
diff --git a/core/program/src/processor/reset.rs b/core/program/src/processor/reset.rs
index ccc1528..dd656a3 100644
--- a/core/program/src/processor/reset.rs
+++ b/core/program/src/processor/reset.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ use ore_api::{
     consts::*,
     error::OreError,
     state::{Bus, Config},
-    utils::AccountDeserialize,
 };
 use solana_program::{
     account_info::AccountInfo, clock::Clock, entrypoint::ProgramResult,
@@ -10,8 +9,12 @@ use solana_program::{
 };
 use spl_token::state::Mint;
 
-use crate::loaders::{
-    load_bus, load_config, load_mint, load_program, load_signer, load_token_account, load_treasury,
+use crate::{
+    loaders::{
+        load_bus, load_config, load_mint, load_program, load_signer, load_token_account,
+        load_treasury,
+    },
+    utils::AccountDeserialize,
 };
 
 /// Reset sets up the Ore program for the next epoch. Its responsibilities include:
@@ -165,9 +168,9 @@ pub(crate) fn calculate_new_reward_rate(current_rate: u64, epoch_rewards: u64) -
 mod tests {
     use rand::{distributions::Uniform, Rng};
 
-    use crate::{
-        calculate_new_reward_rate, BUS_EPOCH_REWARDS, MAX_EPOCH_REWARDS, SMOOTHING_FACTOR,
-        TARGET_EPOCH_REWARDS,
+    use crate::calculate_new_reward_rate;
+    use ore_api::consts::{
+        BUS_EPOCH_REWARDS, MAX_EPOCH_REWARDS, SMOOTHING_FACTOR, TARGET_EPOCH_REWARDS,
     };
 
     const FUZZ_SIZE: u64 = 10_000;
diff --git a/core/program/src/processor/stake.rs b/core/program/src/processor/stake.rs
index e948060..d72ddb3 100644
--- a/core/program/src/processor/stake.rs
+++ b/core/program/src/processor/stake.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-use ore_api::{consts::*, instruction::StakeArgs, state::Proof, utils::AccountDeserialize};
+use ore_api::{consts::*, instruction::StakeArgs, state::Proof};
 use solana_program::{
     account_info::AccountInfo, clock::Clock, entrypoint::ProgramResult,
     program_error::ProgramError, pubkey::Pubkey, sysvar::Sysvar,
 };
 
-use crate::loaders::*;
+use crate::{loaders::*, utils::AccountDeserialize};
 
 /// Stake deposits Ore into a miner's proof account to earn multiplier. Its responsibilies include:
 /// 1. Transfer tokens from the miner to the treasury account.
diff --git a/core/program/src/processor/update.rs b/core/program/src/processor/update.rs
index ed5313e..35f384c 100644
--- a/core/program/src/processor/update.rs
+++ b/core/program/src/processor/update.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-use ore_api::{state::Proof, utils::AccountDeserialize};
+use ore_api::state::Proof;
 use solana_program::{
     account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint::ProgramResult, program_error::ProgramError,
     pubkey::Pubkey,
 };
 
-use crate::loaders::*;
+use crate::{loaders::*, utils::AccountDeserialize};
 
 /// Update changes the miner authority on a proof account.
 pub fn process_update<'a, 'info>(
diff --git a/stake/api/src/lib.rs b/stake/api/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/stake/program/src/lib.rs b/stake/program/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/utils/Cargo.toml b/utils/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc44d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/utils/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[package]
+name = "utils"
+description = "Utils for building ORE programs"
+version.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+homepage.workspace = true
+documentation.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+keywords.workspace = true
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib", "lib"]
+name = "utils"
+
+[dependencies]
+bytemuck.workspace = true
+solana-program.workspace = true
diff --git a/core/api/src/utils.rs b/utils/src/lib.rs
similarity index 87%
rename from core/api/src/utils.rs
rename to utils/src/lib.rs
index 669c7d9..1694c98 100644
--- a/core/api/src/utils.rs
+++ b/utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
-use num_enum::{IntoPrimitive, TryFromPrimitive};
 use solana_program::{
     account_info::AccountInfo, entrypoint::ProgramResult, program_error::ProgramError,
     pubkey::Pubkey, rent::Rent, sysvar::Sysvar,
@@ -73,17 +71,8 @@ pub fn create_pda<'a, 'info>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
-#[repr(u8)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, IntoPrimitive, TryFromPrimitive)]
-pub enum AccountDiscriminator {
-    Bus = 100,
-    Config = 101,
-    Proof = 102,
-    Treasury = 103,
-}
-
 pub trait Discriminator {
-    fn discriminator() -> AccountDiscriminator;
+    fn discriminator() -> u8; //AccountDiscriminator;
 }
 
 pub trait AccountDeserialize {
@@ -109,7 +98,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_account_from_bytes {
             fn try_from_bytes(
                 data: &[u8],
             ) -> Result<&Self, solana_program::program_error::ProgramError> {
-                if (Self::discriminator() as u8).ne(&data[0]) {
+                if Self::discriminator().ne(&data[0]) {
                     return Err(solana_program::program_error::ProgramError::InvalidAccountData);
                 }
                 bytemuck::try_from_bytes::<Self>(&data[8..]).or(Err(
@@ -119,7 +108,7 @@ macro_rules! impl_account_from_bytes {
             fn try_from_bytes_mut(
                 data: &mut [u8],
             ) -> Result<&mut Self, solana_program::program_error::ProgramError> {
-                if (Self::discriminator() as u8).ne(&data[0]) {
+                if Self::discriminator().ne(&data[0]) {
                     return Err(solana_program::program_error::ProgramError::InvalidAccountData);
                 }
                 bytemuck::try_from_bytes_mut::<Self>(&mut data[8..]).or(Err(
@@ -144,13 +133,3 @@ macro_rules! impl_instruction_from_bytes {
         }
     };
 }
-
-#[repr(C)]
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Pod, Zeroable)]
-pub struct MineEvent {
-    pub difficulty: u64,
-    pub reward: u64,
-    pub timing: i64,
-}
-
-impl_to_bytes!(MineEvent);